The Validity of Invisible Man and The Jungle as Historical Works Essays

The Validity of Invisible Man and The Jungle as Historical Works Essays The Validity of Invisible Man and The Jungle as Historical Works Essay The Validity of Invisible Man and The Jungle as Historical Works Essay Essay Topic: Historical Invisible Man The Jungle The Jungle Book It is often difficult to understand the way society worked in previous generations. Historical fiction allows readers to go back in time and really comprehend the issues that occurred back then. These types of books can be key in providing a greater understanding of different historical eras. Two examples of historical fiction works are Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man and Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. These two works are both historically accurate, for the most part, while also giving an eye-opening perspective that helps the reader learn more about American history. Both Invisible Man and The Jungle are classified as fiction. However, most of what is told in both novels are historically accurate. In Invisible Man, a few of the details closely resemble real things that were a part of the author, Ralph Ellisons life. The narrator of the story spends some time as a young adult at a college that he received a scholarship to from a group of wealthy white men. This college that he attends is similar to the Tuskegee Institute, an all-black college that Ralph Ellison attended. Booker T. Washington founded the Tuskegee Institute in an effort to help educate young black men. The college the narrator attends in the story is also an all black college, one that was also founded by a black man as well. Ellison later said that the college in the story was modeled after the Tuskegee Institute, or Tuskegee University as it is known today. After being expelled from the college, the narrator of the story moves to New York, and eventually joins The Brotherhood, a political group that fights for equal rights. Eventually, the narrator and many of the other African American members leave the group, as they feel they are being betrayed. The Brotherhood is very much similar to the American Communist Party and it’s beliefs during the 1930’s. Ralph Ellison had joined the Communist Party at the time, before eventually leaving the party once he realized the

How to Prove the Complement Rule in Probability

How to Prove the Complement Rule in Probability Several theorems in probability can be deduced from the axioms of probability. These theorems can be applied to calculate probabilities that we may desire to know. One such result is known as the complement rule. This statement allows us to calculate the probability of an event A by knowing the probability of the complement AC. After stating the complement rule, we will see how this result can be proved. The Complement Rule The complement of the event A is denoted by AC. The complement of A is the set of all elements in the universal set, or sample space S, that are not elements of the set A. The complement rule is expressed by the following equation: P(AC) 1 – P(A) Here we see that the probability of an event and the probability of its complement must sum to 1. Proof of the Complement Rule To prove the complement rule, we begin with the axioms of probability. These statements are assumed without proof. We will see that they can be systematically used to prove our statement concerning the probability of the complement of an event. The first axiom of probability is that the probability of any event is a nonnegative real number.The second axiom of probability is that the probability of the entire sample space S is one. Symbolically we write P(S) 1.The third axiom of probability states that If A and B are mutually exclusive ( meaning that they have an empty intersection), then we state the probability of the union of these events as P(A U B ) P(A) P(B). For the complement rule, we will not need to use the first axiom in the list above. To prove our statement we consider the events Aand AC. From set theory, we know that these two sets have empty intersection. This is because an element cannot simultaneously be in both A and not in A. Since there is an empty intersection, these two sets are mutually exclusive. The union of the two events A and AC are also important. These constitute exhaustive events, meaning that the union of these events is all of the sample space S. These facts, combined with the axioms give us the equation 1 P(S) P(A U AC) P(A) P(AC) . The first equality is due to the second probability axiom. The second equality is because the events A and AC are exhaustive. The third equality is because of the third probability axiom. The above equation can be rearranged into the form that we stated above. All that we must do is subtract the probability of A from both sides of the equation. Thus 1 P(A) P(AC) becomes the equation P(AC) 1 – P(A). Of course, we could also express the rule by stating that: P(A) 1 – P(AC). All three of these equations are equivalent ways of saying the same thing. We see from this proof how just two axioms and some set theory go a long way to help us prove new statements concerning probability.

Adapting my cultural grammar in a new cultural context Essay

Adapting my cultural grammar in a new cultural context - Essay Example Theories of culture are also used by social groups to literally construct cultural ideological imagination for themselves and for others (Holliday 2013). Moreover, the concept of discourse is being employed widely as an instrument of analysis as far as cultural communication is concerned. Based on the cultural discourse, this is the point in which individuals are capable of negotiating, make sense of and practice culture (Holliday 2013). It is believed tat under these circumstances; issues about culture are well build, new grammar of culture practiced and understanding of cosmopolitan world achieved (Holliday 2013). I am Ukrainian, but Ive lived in England for 5 years. My own cultural development was based on three vey essential approach and practices I had to develop. The English culture I was living in was well established and dominant to other minorities like me. To begin with, I had to accept the fact that majority of the established theories of culture within the social setting I was living in was derived from western sources (Holliday 2013). This was also supplemented by the fact England is a major driving force in the current global politics, operating from a position of cultural economic and political dominance in relation to the rest of the world (Holliday 2013). For elaborate cultural development, living in England for five years was enough for me to adapt to the English culture of communication and lifestyle. Interaction with students who are England native speakers helped me adapt to English accent and mode of living. Improved grammar and pronunciation of terms are some of the key lessons I leant. The transition from Ukrainian-born to adapted English culture was not easy, but persistence and more communication interaction made it possible. By acknowledging that there is cultural diversity, it is important to note that before adapting to foreign cultural practices, one has to be